Saratov JOURNAL of Medical and Scientific Research

2017, volume 13

Medical and ethical aspects of gene therapy

Year: 2017, volume 13 Issue: №4 Pages: 859-861
Heading: Sociology of Medicine Article type: Original article
Authors: Yupatov V.D., Yalieva L.K., Vorfolomeev S.A., Fakhrudinova E.R.
Organization: Saratov State Medical University
Summary:

The article is to review the main moral, ethical and legal issues of genomics. In connection with the rapid development of molecular biology, deciphering the structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and breakthrough in gene editing, this topic is extremely relevant today. The author tries to answer the questions: 1) whether a person has the right to intervene into the natural mechanisms of existence of living organisms; 2) what is the role of genetic engineering and gene therapy in modern society?

Keywords: bioethics, gene therapy, genetic engineering, human rights

Methods of evaluation of thermal tolerance of cyclic sports athletes

Year: 2017, volume 13 Issue: №4 Pages: 955-964
Heading: sports medicine Article type: Original article
Authors: Kish А.А., Bragin M.A., Zorin M.Yu.
Organization: State Scientific Research Center n.a. A.I. Burnasyan — Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency
Summary:

The purpose of the study is investigation of thermal stability in athletes of cyclic sports and assessment of its influence on physical working capacity under hyperthermia. Material and methods. 15 male athletes of cyclic sports who had the senior degree as minimum were included in the study Middle age 24,2±1,1 years. Work was performed in the climatic camera of the Center of sports medicine and rehabilitation in several stages, on each of which assessment of physical working capacity and a thermal condition of athletes was carried out. Results. In the real work the burdening action of the heating climate on indicators of physical working capacity and a thermal condition of athletes of cyclic sports is shown; the operating ranges of high temperatures are determined. Conclusion. The data obtained by means of the offered technique, confirm importance of definition of individual thresholds of shipping of a thermal state at athletes and the burdening action of a heat on their physical working capacity.

Keywords: climatic chamber, cyclic sports, physical performance, rectal temperature, thermal tolerance

Some approaches in assessing effectiveness of rehabilitation activities in highly qualified athletes

Year: 2017, volume 13 Issue: №4 Pages: 947-955
Heading: sports medicine Article type: Review
Authors: Goloborodko Е.М., Fomkin P.A., Petrova V.V., Razinkin S.M.
Organization: State Scientific Research Center n.a. A.I. Burnasyan — Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency
Summary:

An overview of literature data on the types of medical rehabilitation applied to highly skilled athletes and on ways to assess the effectiveness of the implemented measures is provided in the article. Sport rehabilitation is a separate type of activity for which a conceptual apparatus should be formed; basic methodological approaches should be developed and implemented. In addition to physical rehabilitation, attention should also be given to the psychological athlete recovery, both in the context of accelerating recovery, and to strengthen adherence to the applied procedures. All rehabilitation programs should be developed individually, taking into account the specific kind of the sport. The approach based on the use of the scale of assessing the level of health in combination with an objective diagnosis of his psychoemotional state allows to fully assess the effectiveness of carrying out rehabilitation measures among highly qualified athletes

Keywords: sports medicine, rehabilitation, psychoemotional state of an athlete, evaluation of the effectiveness of medical technologies

Revisiting the Sports Medicine as a specialty in professional training of sports doctors

Year: 2017, volume 13 Issue: №4 Pages: 940-946
Heading: sports medicine Article type: Author's opinion
Authors: Razinkin S.M., Samoilov A.S., Petrova V.V.
Organization: State Scientific Research Center n.a. A.I. Burnasyan — Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency
Summary:

 This article discusses expediency of deducing sports medicine in a separate educational specialty. Also, there is a new concept of sports medicine offered. This concept includes the academic plan of postgraduate professional training of doctors in the direction of Sports Medicine specialty 08.31.39 Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine. Concept was developed by the department of experimental sports medicine of the A. I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency.

Keywords: sports medicine, educational standard, education

Functional ready state in professional sport

Year: 2017, volume 13 Issue: №4 Pages: 929-940
Heading: sports medicine Article type: Original article
Authors: Fomkin P.A., Kish А.А., Bogoyavlenskih N.S., Zharkova K.N.
Organization: State Scientific Research Center n.a. A.I. Burnasyan — Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency
Summary:

Main goal: to study professional sportsmen adaptation and functional reserves research and methodology development of consolidated tool evaluation of functional ready state in professional sport. Material and Methods. 33 national Russian team track athletes, 20 men (median age 24) and 13 women (median age 24). In this study we used medical examination, heart rate variability, compressive oscillometry, bioimpedansometry, bioelectrography, sport-dependent ergospirometry testing and stationary load testing. Results. All functional ready state parameters in track and field athletics were analyzed and grouped by range of values. Conclusion. This study scientific-methodological approach to functional ready state evaluation in professional sport (track and field athletics). This rating can help coach and team physician to develop training plan for specific sportsman or change it if necessary.

Keywords: sportsmen rating, scoring, scaling, professional sport, functional readiness

Jetlag at sportsmen: influence on functional readiness and estimation of efficiency of methods of prevention and correction (the case of hockey players)

Year: 2017, volume 13 Issue: №4 Pages: 925-929
Heading: sports medicine Article type: Original article
Authors: Razinkin S.M., Evtukhovich I.V., Bragin M.A., Petrov A.A., Artamonova I.A.
Organization: Sports Club "Admiral" Union, State Scientific Research Center n.a. A.I. Burnasyan — Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency
Summary:

Purpose: to assess the role of the influence of jetlag on the functional state (before, during and after the flight). Materials and Methods. 26 male hockey players (average age 18.8±0.14 years, athletic category who had the senior degree as minimum), flying from Moscow to Vladivostok and back (with the intersection of 7-time zones) at least once a month. Evaluation the role of jetlag influence on functional condition of athletes and effectiveness of methods for the prevention and correction of these conditions at this stage of the work was conducted by methods of observation, interview and questioning. Results. The main complaints after the flight are: muscle weakness (up to 69%), sleep disturbance (up to 65%), fatigue (up to 58%), lethargy and drowsiness (up to 58%). The most significant prevention methods that contribute to improving the well-being of athletes themselves during a long flight are: organizational and bio-psychosocial factors (up to 81 %). Using methods of correction after the flight, the most effective were methods related to sleep hygiene (up to 85%) and the use of dietary supplements regulating sleep (up to 50%). Conclusions. The symptoms that occurred after the forced change of time zone, recorded by observation, interview and questionnaire, indicate a significant effect of jetlag on the functional condition of athletes, especially in the first three days after the flight. Most of the methods of prophylaxis and correction of jetlag proposed by us have shown their high efficiency both during the flight and after. Athletes are positive about the use of the proposed methods, but have little awareness of their existence, which requires the creation of an accessible information block that can be distributed among athletes by the doctors and the coaching staff of the team.

Keywords: correction of jetlag, desynchronosis, functional readiness, hockey, jetlag, prevention of jetlag, temporary adaptation, Time Zones, trans-meridional flights

Evaluation of the effect of a special cooling liquid on thermal state of athletes at high temperatures

Year: 2017, volume 13 Issue: №4 Pages: 919-925
Heading: sports medicine Article type: Original article
Authors: Bragin M.A., Petrova V.V., Kish A.A., Artamonova I.A., Bogomolova M.M., Zorin M.Yu.
Organization: Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism, State Scientific Research Center n.a. A.I. Burnasyan — Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Volgograd State Academy of Physical Education
Summary:

Aim. The article presents the results of the effectiveness of cooling liquid. In addition, the way it affects the thermal state of athletes at high temperatures. Material and Methods. The study involved seven male athletes of cyclic sports. The sportsmen had a senior or higher and an average age of 19.29±1.80 years. All passed a 2-fold examination, which included collection of anamnesis, complaints about health, medical examination, weight measurement, subjective evaluation of heat thermometry (rectal and skin (in 5 points)), ergospirometry testing. Changing the thermal state of the athletes, founded by the dynamics of average skin temperature and rectal temperature. Also, subjective evaluation of thermal sensations was taken into account. Meanwhile the efficiency of special cooling liquid determined by the dynamic run-time load, maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold of exchange. Results. The use of special cooling liquid makes it possible to increase the time of aerobic load tolerance in conditions of high temperatures by an average of 2.5%. This was accompanied by a decrease in rectal temperature and average skin temperature throughout the stress test. There is also a positive effect on the subjective level of heat sensations. Conclusions. We conclude that it is advisable to use cooling liquid for summer sports teams in the performance of a specific physical activity. However first conducted individual tests on the subject of possible adverse allergic reactions.

Keywords: cooling, high temperatures, hot climate, special cooling liquid, sports medicine, thermal state

Hirudotherapy as a method of hemoreological disorders correction efficiency on osteoarthrosis

Year: 2017, volume 13 Issue: №4 Pages: 913-918
Heading: Traumatology and Orthopedics Article type: Original article
Authors: Karimova D.J., Mukhina R.G., Abashev A.R., Karimova G.M.
Organization: City Clinical Hospital No. 7, Kazan, KSMA — branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, State Scientific Research Center n.a. A.I. Burnasyan — Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency
Summary:

The aim: to study the hirudotherapy effectiveness in case of osteoarthrosis as a pathogenetic therapy in view of vascular disorders in the disease pathogenesis. Material and Methods. 81 patients with ostearthrosis, predominantly gonarthrosis, aged 36 to 76 years old with a disease duration from 1 to 15 years were under observation. There were clinical and laboratory studies (generally accepted in patients with osteoarthritis), special studies included bulbar conjunctiva biomicroscopy and lower limbs rheovasography. Results. Hirudotherapy is a clinically effective method for the articular syndrome treatment in various types of osteoarthrosis. It is advisable to use the method in patients with a disease duration up to 15 years, with severe pain syndrome, concomitant peripheral veins pathology, and hypertension. Conclusion. The influence of hirudotherapy on the state of microcirculation in patients with osteoarthritis with the evaluation of the clinical effect and the rheovasography and conjunctival biomicroscopy was first studied, confirmed by instrumental methods. The greatest clinical efficacy was achieved with a high degree of local inflammatory activity, what once again emphasizes the role of microchemocirculation disorders in the development of synovitis in osteoarthritis.

Keywords: hirudotherapy, microchemocirculatorybed, osteoarthrosis

The modified assessment technique of the condition of lungs at the experimental animals at extreme exposures

Year: 2017, volume 13 Issue: №4 Pages: 907-912
Heading: Physiology and Pathophysiology Article type: Original article
Authors: Ivashin V.A., Kezik V.I., Solovyev V.P.
Organization: State Scientific Research Center n.a. A.I. Burnasyan — Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency
Summary:

Purpose: to develop a modified method of measuring a set of biophysical indices of the lungs elaborated, which allows to assess the extent of their lesions from mild, moderate to severe. This technique allows for a short time to conduct a rapid assessment of the lungs of a large number of experimental animals of different species under varying extreme influences for the subsequent extrapolation of these data to humans. Material and Methods. The study was conducted using Chinchilla rabbits weighing 2.5-3.0 kg, and sheep weighing 25-35 kg. Lung mass and volume were defined, and values of biophysical indices were calculated: specific density of air-filled and collapsed lungs; their ratio — ALPHA index; residual volume. Results. The values of main lung biophysical indices of experimental animals in norm were received. The scale of lung condition estimate and degree of injury of experimental animals as compared with the control group was developed. Conclusion. The given technique of rapid estimate of the lung condition according to biophysical indices allows to give a rapid and objective assessment of significant lung injuries in experimental animals. Easy realization and availability of necessary equipment enable to use this technique in the studies of experimental lung pathology.

Keywords: experimental animals, lungs, pathological changes, specific density

Investigation of the relationship between changes in thermographic and flowmetric parameters of skin peripheral hemodynamics in laboratory rats

Year: 2017, volume 13 Issue: №4 Pages: 901-907
Heading: Physiology and Pathophysiology Article type: Original article
Authors: Datsenko A.V., Fomina T.V., Dyoshin I.A., Kazmin V.I.
Organization: State Scientific Research Center n.a. A.I. Burnasyan — Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency
Summary:

Purpose: to determine the quantitative patterns and gradations of the degree of manifestation of changes in IRT indicators, depending on LDF data, corresponding to different conditions and peripheral blood flow disorders in the skin of laboratory rats. Material and Methods. Microcirculation of blood in bio-objects in background studies and immediately after the experimental modeling of hypobaric hypoxia was determined with the help of LDF, while simultaneously performing remote dynamic infrared thermography of the rats'tail skin. A comparison of LDF and IRT data was carried out using statistical methods of correlation-regression analysis. Results. The decrease in tissue blood flow was accompanied by a decrease in temperature, with an increase in perfusion of blood along the microcirculation pathways, the temperature of the skin surface increased. The quantitative criteria of experimental diagnostics in the form of boundary values and ranges of temperature indicators for an estimation of a different degree of severity of violations of the microcirculation of blood (peripheral hemodynamics) are determined. With a decrease or increase in tissue blood flow to 10, 10-25, 25-40 and more than 40% of the baseline (background control), the negative or positive skin surface temperature increase was up to 0.6, 0.6-1.2, 1.2-1.8 and more than 1.8°C respectively. Conclusion. Results of thermal imaging can be used as a criterion for predictive assessment of the state and changes in cutaneous peripheral blood flow in laboratory rats.

Keywords: infrared thermography, laser Doppler floumetry, microcirculation of blood, thermovision